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When defining a pointcut, you write an expression to declare the elements that must be included in the pointcut. In the previous example of the order-management application, the pointcut expression was as follows: <bind pointcut="execution( public void aop.jboss.Order->addItem(java.lang.String,int))" > Only the addItem method was included in the pointcut, with its fully qualified signature provided. In more general cases, you want to include more than one method per pointcut. In such cases, the asterisk (*) and two-dots symbol (..) can be used as wildcard characters to replace any part of the signature. Additionally, annotations can be used in place of method names and class names. Table 5-1 illustrates the usage of wildcards in method signatures. Table 5-1. Examples of Wildcard Usage with JBoss AOP

As you can see, we have grouped by an associated entity. You can group by a single-value path expression that is either a persistence or an association field. Only aggregate functions are allowed when you perform aggregation using GROUP BY. You can also filter the results of an aggregated query with a HAVING clause. Suppose you want to retrieve only the Users who have created more than five Category entities. Simply modify the previous query as follows:

After all your work developing your EJB applications, you re ready to send them out into the world. Using two open source Apache projects, you can build and test your EJBs. Apache Ant is an excellent tool for creating and automating a build system for your EJB application; Apache Cactus provides an equally excellent system for building and running EJB unit tests.

SELECT c.user, COUNT(c.categoryId) FROM Category c WHERE c.createDate is BETWEEN :date1 and :date2 GROUP BY c.user HAVING COUNT(c.categoryId) > 5

A WHERE clause in a query containing both the GROUP BY and HAVING clauses results in multistage processing. First, the WHERE clause is applied to filter the results. Then, the results are aggregated based on the GROUP BY clause. Finally, the HAVING clause is applied to filter the aggregated result.

Put simply, Ant executes tasks described in a build.xml file. These Ant tasks are implemented in Java classes and perform such tasks as class compilation and JAR file creation. Ant allows you to build your own tasks, as well as use the many tasks it already includes. In this chapter, we demonstrate how to use Ant to build, package, and deploy your EJBs. The build.xml file defines an Ant project. The project contains different targets, each of which define a task that Ant will accomplish (such as compiling, copying files, or making directories). You will see how to create these Ant tasks as you read through the Ant recipes in this chapter. If, after examining the recipes,

public void aop.jboss. Order->addItem(*,int,*) public void aop.jboss.Order>add*(..) private * aop.jboss.Order>*(..) * aop.*.O*->getX()

You can control the order of the values and objects retrieved by a query by using the ORDER BY clause:

ORDER BY path_expression1 [ASC | DESC], ... path_expressionN [ASC | DESC]

Here is an example JPQL query with an ORDER BY clause. In this case we want to retrieve all Category entities and sort them alphabetically by c.categoryName.

you need more information about Ant, refer to Second helpings: Additional resources, at the end of this book.

By specifying ASC, we ve indicated that we want the result set to be ordered in ascending order by c.categoryName. Specifying ASC is optional; if you leave it off, then the persistence provider will assume you want ascending order by default. If you want results sorted in descending order, then specify DESC for the path expression. You can use compound ordering to further customize the sorting of the query results by using

All public methods named addItem that are defined in the aop.jboss.Order class and that take three parameters, the second being an int All public methods with a name starting with add that are defined in the aop.jboss.Order class, whatever their parameters are All private methods that are defined in the aop.jboss.Order class The getX methods defined in any class that has a name starting with the letter O and that is a subpackage of the aop package All methods that are associated with the @Remote annotation All methods defined in a class that is associated with the @Persistent annotation